indirect & direct speech

REPORTED & QUOTED SPEECH

(INDIRECT & DIRECT SPEECH)

Indirect speech is the form of a statement expressing other people's questions (reported speech) that has been said directly (direct speech) by changing the format of the conversations so that it becomes more clear , natural , and efficient for the listener. Direct speech a sentence spoken directly by the speaker in writing accompanied by aphostrof marks at the beginning and the end of the sentence as text dialogue .

Direct speech is which converted into Reported speech can be a statement 

 imperative [command), invitation, request, yes/no question, and

 information question. 

EXAMPLES

REPORTING	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
STATEMENT	I must leave tomorrow	He said that he must left the next day
IMPERATIVE	Do not touch my diary !	She told me not to touch her diary
YES-NO QUESTION	Did you see my bag ?	She want to know if i had seen her bag
INFORMATION QUESTION	Who is the winner ?	He asked me who the winner was

ANOTHER EXAMPLES

1.   IMPERATIVE

-         POSITIVE

In order of positive we have to add " TO" in front of the sentences, to connected between the sentences.

Examples 

He said to me   “shut the door”

He told me to shut the door.

-         NEGATIVE

In order of negative we have to add “NOT TO” in front of the imperative.

My father said to me do not go alone to a market.

My father told me not to go alone to a market.

2. QUESTIONS

For direct speech sentences that use 5W1H question ( Why , Who, What , When , Where , How) , it will be converted into affirmative sentences in the following :

NO	DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
1	He asked me, "why do you come late?"	He asked me why you came late.
2	He asked me, "why does she drink?"	He asked me what she drink.
3	He asked me, "when did you come?"	He asked me when i come.
4	He asked me, "who is he?"	He asked me who he was.
5	He asked me, "who are you?"	He asked me who i was

3. TENSES

NO	DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
1	SIMPLE PRESENT I never eat fish	SIMPLE PAST I never ate fish
2	PRESENT CONTINUOUS I’m waiting for yaya	PAST CONTINUOUS He said that he was waiting for yaya
3	PRESENT PERFECT I have bought a book	PAST PERFECT She said that she had bought a book
4	PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I have been waiting for ages	PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS He said that he had been waiting for ages
5	SIMPLE  PAST He said to me  “i never saw before”	PAST PERFECT He said that he had never seen before
6	PRESENT FUTURE He said “ i will be in Bandung on Tuesday”	PAST FUTURE He said that he would be in Bandung on Tuesday
7	FUTURE CONTINUOUS She said “ i will be using the car my self”	PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS She would be using he car her self

4. TIME REFERENCES

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
Today	That day
Now	Than
Yesterday	The day before
Tomorrow	The next day
Next week	The following week
Last week	The previous week
Here	There
This	That

EXERCISE

Present perfect becomes past perfect

1.   I have had some bad news

2. I have been sleeping

Present becomes past

1.   I need a drink

2. Iam busy

Direct speech becomes indirect speech

1.   Yesterday

2. Tomorrow

3. This

source:
 http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-indirect-reported-speech
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-indirect-reported-speech
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html

http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/reporting-verbs/

Nama : Lili Sahara

Kelas : 4SA04

NPM : 14612204