CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional sentences There
are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all
cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause.
In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".
There are five main
ways of constructing conditional sentences in English.
|
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE TYPE
|
USAGE
|
IF CLAUSE
VERB TENSE
|
MAIN
CLAUSE VERB TENSE
|
|
Zero
|
General
truths
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Present
|
|
Type 1
|
A possible
condition and its probable result
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Future
|
|
Type 2
|
A hypothetical
condition and its probable result
|
Simple Past
|
Past
Future
|
|
Type 3
|
An unreal
past condition and ots probable result in the past
|
Past
Perfect
|
Past
Perfect
|
|
Mixed type
|
An unreal
past condition and its probable result in the present
|
Past
Perfect
|
Present
Conditional
|
THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
The
zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or
always and the situation is real and possible. The
zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both
parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the
word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when"
without changing the meaning.
FORM
:
If
+ Simple Present + simple Present
if
you heat ice, it melts.
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The
type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future
where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to
a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause
is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.
FORM
:
If
+ Simple present + Simple Future
If
i see yaya, i will give your message.
TYPE
2 CONDITIONAL
The
type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time,
and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based
on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition
and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses
the simple past, and the main clause uses the past future tense.
FORM
:
If
+ Simple Past + would + infinitive
If
you studied, you would pass your examination.
If
it rained, you would get wet.
The past tense (simple past or past progressive) of the condition clause is historically the
past subjunctive. In modern English this is identical to the past indicative, except in the first and third persons singular of
the verb be, where the indicative is was and the subjunctive were;
was is sometimes used as a colloquialism (were otherwise
preferred), although the phrase if I were you is common in colloquial
language. For more details see English subjunctive: Use of the past
subjunctive. then inversion can be applied here too:
If
I were rich,
If
i were rich, i would go to Egypt.
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The
type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past,
and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they
are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is
used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type
3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main
clause uses the past perfect tense.
FORM
:
If
+ Past Perfect + woul have + past participle
If
i had seen you yesterday, i would have
told you about it.
MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL
The
mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past,
and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts
they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type
conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable
result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses
the past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
FORM
:
If
+ past perfect + present conditional
If you had worked harder at school,
you would have a better job now.
EXERCISE :
1.
If i had car, i ......................(take)
a trip to Bali.
2.
If you study hard, you
......................(pass) examinaton.
3.
If i were you, i..................(buy) that
bag.
4.
If we.................. (live in Bandung, we
would have gone three more often)
5.
If you................ (done you job
properly. We would not be in this mess).
6.
If he attended class regularly, he
...........................(make) good progress.
7.
If she tries hard, she............... (find)
a job somewhere.
8.
If i have time tomorrow, i.................
(go) shopping with you.
9.
If
they had invited us naturally, we......................(go) to the
party.
10. I would have
looke you up, if i .......................... (know) you were living in
Jakarta.
SOURCE :
NAMA : Lili Sahara
NPM : 14612204
KELAS : 4SA04
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