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conditional sentence




CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional sentences There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE
USAGE
IF CLAUSE VERB TENSE
MAIN CLAUSE VERB TENSE
Zero

General truths
Simple Present
Simple Present
Type 1

A possible condition and its probable result
Simple Present
Simple Future
Type 2

A hypothetical condition and its probable result
Simple Past
Past Future
Type 3

An unreal past condition and ots probable result in the past
Past Perfect
Past Perfect

Mixed type
An unreal past condition and its probable result in the present
Past Perfect
Present Conditional

THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
FORM :
If + Simple Present + simple Present
if you heat ice, it melts.


TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.
FORM :
If + Simple present + Simple Future
If i see yaya,  i will give your message.


TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the past future tense.
FORM :
If + Simple Past + would + infinitive
If you studied, you would pass your examination.
If it rained, you would get wet.

The past tense (simple past or past progressive) of the condition clause is historically the past subjunctive. In modern English this is identical to the past indicative, except in the first and third persons singular of the verb be, where the indicative is was and the subjunctive were; was is sometimes used as a colloquialism (were otherwise preferred), although the phrase if I were you is common in colloquial language. For more details see English subjunctive: Use of the past subjunctive. then inversion can be applied here too:
If I were rich,

If i were rich,  i would go to Egypt.


TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the past perfect tense.
FORM :
If + Past Perfect + woul have + past participle
If i  had seen you yesterday, i would have told you about it.



MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL

The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
FORM :
If + past perfect + present conditional
If you had worked harder at school, you would have a better job now.


EXERCISE :

1.      If i had car, i ......................(take) a trip to Bali.
2.      If you study hard, you ......................(pass) examinaton.
3.      If i were you, i..................(buy) that bag.
4.      If we.................. (live in Bandung, we would have gone three more often)
5.      If you................ (done you job properly. We would not be in this mess).
6.      If he attended class regularly, he ...........................(make) good progress.
7.      If she tries hard, she............... (find) a job somewhere.
8.      If i have time tomorrow, i................. (go) shopping with you.
9.      If  they had invited us naturally, we......................(go) to the party.
10.  I would have looke you up, if i .......................... (know) you were living in Jakarta.

SOURCE :

NAMA : Lili Sahara
NPM : 14612204
KELAS : 4SA04

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